Resumen. El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad endémica en porcinos que tiende a la cronicidad. Los esfuerzos se centran en prevención y control para minimizar el daño, pues no existe tratamiento. Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) en la alimentación de cerdas reproductoras afectadas con PRRS sobre su desempeño productivo, de salud y en su progenie. Cuarenta y ocho cerdas de primer parto se distribuyeron al azar en cuatro tratamientos (Tr1, testigo; Tr2, DHA; Tr3, EP; Tr4, DHA+EP). El ensayo con el segundo parto siguió el mismo diseño. Tr3 y Tr4 obtuvieron más peso de lechones al nacer en ambos partos (P < 0.05) que los demás. En ambos partos, la adición de DHA y EP resultó en menos cantidad de momias (P < 0.05) y menor costo que los otros tratamientos. Tr3 tuvo mayor número de lechones vivos en ambos partos, mientras que Tr4 solo en el segundo parto (P < 0.05). En el primer parto, se destetaron más lechones en Tr2 y Tr3 (P > 0.05); pero Tr2 superó a los demás en el segundo parto (P > 0.05). Por ELISA, todos los cerdos desarrollaron anticuerpos contra PRRS. Los grupos que recibieron DHA y/o EP tuvieron concentraciones séricas de IgG superiores al testigo (P < 0.05). Se concluye que la adición de DHA y EP mejora la respuesta productiva y mayores concentraciones de IgG en ambos partos, además de reducir el costo de producción de las cerdas.

Abstract. Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease in pigs that tends to become chronic. Efforts are focused on prevention and control to minimize damage, as no treatment exists. The effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (plant extracts, PE) in the feeding of breeding sows affected with PRRS on their productive performance, health and progeny was evaluated. Forty-eight first-parturition shows were randomly distributed into four treatments (Tr1, control; Tr2, DHA; Tr3, PE; Tr4, DHA+PE). The second parturition assay followed the same design. Tr3 and Tr4 got more piglet weight at birth in both parturitions (P < 0.05) than the others. In both deliveries, the addition of DHA and PE resulted in fewer mummies (P < 0.05) and lower cost than the other treatments. Tr3 had a higher number of live piglets in both parturitions, while Tr4 only got that in the second parturition (P < 0.05). More piglets were weaned in Tr2 and Tr3 (P > 0.05) in the first parturition; but Tr2 outperformed the others in the second parturition (P > 0.05). By ELISA, all pigs developed antibodies against PRRS. The groups receiving DHA and/or PE had higher serum IgG concentrations than control (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of DHA and PE improves the productive response and induced higher concentrations of IgG in both parturitions, in addition to reducing the production cost of sows.

Resumen La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica muy prevalente. Dentro de los tratamientos para la DM se encuentra la insulina que es el agente antidiabético más potente, sin embargo, una proporción significativa de pacientes no logra alcanzar el objetivo de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Los errores en la aplicación de insulina son un factor importante y corregible en muchos casos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con DM, antecedentes de neuropatía diabética, enfermedad renal crónica estadio V en hemodiálisis, hipertensión arterial, estenosis aórtica con recambio por válvula protésica, y anticoagulada, con escasa adherencia a recomendaciones higiénico dietéticas. Debido a la mala técnica de aplicación de insulina y falta de higiene, desarrolló varias infecciones polimicrobianas de piel y partes blandas, con evolución tórpida de las úlceras y mala respuesta al tratamiento indicado. Durante su internación, de una úlcera se aisló Fusarium oxysporum. Es importante jerarquizar la relevancia de la educación diabetológica en pacientes insulinizados y el rol de los educadores en diabetes en el cuidado de los mismos. Por otro lado, destacar la importancia de la toma de cultivos mediante punción de partes blandas ante la aparición de signos locales de infección.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very prevalent chronic disease. Among the treatments for DM, insulin is the most potent antidiabetic agent. However a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve Errors in the application of insulin are an important and correctable factor in many cases. We present the case of a patient with DM who, due to poor insulin application technique and hygiene, develops a skin and soft tissue infection with subsequent appearance of Fusarium oxysporum. It is important to emphasize the relevance of diabetes education in insulin ized patients and the role of diabetes educators in their care. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize the importance of taking cultures by soft tissue puncture in case of local signs of infection.

Abstract Welding procedures for repairing corroded tubular structures are commonly used; however, composite material repairs are becoming popular since they do not use heat sources that might cause accidents. This paper provides a detailed description of the CFRP patch repair application in steel tubular members with a circular perforation originated from a prolonged corrosion process. The results of experimental tests on mid-scale unrepaired damaged and repaired steel tubes are reported. The predictions of the maximum loads recovered from a proposed numerical model lie close to the experimental observed values, justifying its usage for analysis of repaired tubular structures with circular cutouts when subjected to axial compression. Compared to unrepaired perforated tubes, the experimental results demonstrate a substantial strength recovery for repaired tubes. The value of this research for the oil and gas industry is that it demonstrates the feasibility of this kind of repair, which means reduced risk to the production unit and a shorter repair period. used however accidents process midscale mid scale reported values compression period

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue generar un modelo reconocimiento automático de voz (RAV) basado en la traducción de la voz humana a texto, a este proceso se lo ha considerado como una de las ramas de la inteligencia artificial. El análisis de voz permite identificar información sobre la acústica, fonética, sintáctica, semántica de las palabras, entre otros elementos que pueden identificar ambigüedad en términos, errores de pronunciación, sintáctica similar pero semántica diferente, que representan características propias del lenguaje humano. El modelo se centró en el análisis acústico de las palabras, proponiendo la generación de una metodología para reconocimiento acústico, a partir de transcripciones del habla de audios que contienen voz humana. Se utilizó la tasa de error por palabra para identificar la precisión del modelo. Los audios son llamadas de emergencia registrados por el Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911. El modelo fue entrenado con la herramienta CMUSphinx para idioma español sin conexión a internet. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de error por palabra varía en relación con la cantidad de audios; es decir a mayor cantidad de audios menor cantidad de palabras erróneas y mayor exactitud del modelo. La investigación concluyó haciendo énfasis en la duración de cada audio como variable que afecta la precisión del modelo.

Abstract The objective of the article was to generate an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model based on the translation from human voice to text, being considered as one of the branches of artificial intelligence. Voice analysis allows identifying information about the acoustics, phonetics, syntax, semantics of words, among other elements where ambiguity in terms, pronunciation errors, similar syntax but different semantics can be identified, which represent characteristics of the language. The model focused on the acoustic analysis of words proposing the generation of a methodology for acoustic recognition from speech transcripts from audios containing human voice and the error rate per word was considered to identify the accuracy of the model. The audios were taken from the Integrated Security Service ECU 911 that represent emergency calls registered by the entity. The model was trained with the CMUSphinx tool for the Spanish language without internet connection. The results showed that the word error rate varies in relation to the number of audios; that is, the greater the number of audios, the smaller number of erroneous words and the greater the accuracy of the model. The investigation concluded by emphasizing the duration of each audio as a variable that affects the accuracy of the model.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bacillus thuringiensis-based products have been successfully used for insect control. However, their low residuality promotes the search for alternatives. In Cuba, different studies have informed about the evaluation and selection of B. thuringiensis isolates with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti: isolate A21 highlights for its high larvicidal activity and absence of beta-exotoxins. Objective: To evaluate the acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity and the residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21. Methods: The evaluation of the acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity of isolate A21 was established in the animal model Rattus norvegicus. Daily clinical observations of the animals were carried out, and their body weight was evaluated. The elimination and infectivity of B. thuringiensis were estimated by analyzing feces, and fluids and organs samples, respectively. To determine the residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21 to Ae. aegypti larvae, bioassays were conducted with different volumes of weekly water changes (total, partial, no change) in the containers. Mortality was calculated at 24h-72h. Results: No acute oral toxicity/pathogenicity was detected with isolate A21 in Rattus norvegicus. In the study of residuality, at 72h larval mortality remained high (80%-100%) until week 24, decreasing from week 25 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It is evidenced the low toxicity and high residual larvicidal activity of isolate A21 against Ae. aegypti, which makes it a promising candidate for the development of biolarvicides. These biological products could contribute to the improvements of the existing vector control strategies in Cuba.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los productos derivados de Bacillus thuringiensis se han empleado con éxito en el control de insectos. Sin embargo, la poca residualidad promueve la búsqueda de alternativas. En Cuba diferentes estudios informan la evaluación y selección de aislamientos de B. thuringiensis con actividad larvicida contra Aedes aegypti: el aislado A21 se destaca por su elevada actividad larvicida y ausencia de betaexotoxina. Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral y actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21. Métodos: La evaluación de la toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral del aislado A21 se estableció en el modelo biológico Rattus norvegicus. Se realizaron observaciones clínicas diarias de los animales y se evaluó el peso corporal. Se estimó la eliminación y la infectividad de B. thuringiensis mediante análisis de muestras de heces, y de fluidos y órganos, respectivamente. Para determinar la actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21 frente a larvas de Ae. aegypti se realizaron bioensayos con diferentes volúmenes de recambios de agua semanal (total, parcial, no recambio) en los recipientes. La mortalidad obtenida se calculó a las 24-72 h. Resultados: Con el aislado A21 no se detectó toxicidad/patogenicidad aguda oral en Rattus norvegicus. En el estudio de residualidad, la mortalidad larvaria a las 72 h se mantuvo elevada (80-100 %) hasta la semana 24. A partir de la semana 25 la mortalidad larvaria disminuyó (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Se evidencia la baja toxicidad y la elevada actividad larvicida residual del aislado A21 contra Ae. aegypti y lo convierten en un candidato promisorio para el desarrollo de biolarvicidas. Estos productos biológicos podrían contribuir a mejorar las estrategias de control del vector existentes en Cuba.

Abstract In offshore oil &gas production there is a large concentration of platforms in a limited area of the sea, with the consequent increase of vessel traffic in the region. Platform supply vessels (PSVs), shuttle tankers and maintenance and safety units operate very close to these production platforms, creating a propitious scenario for collisions. Thus, the risk of collision between vessels and platforms has significantly increased, causing concern from the point of view of life loss, material damage and marine environment degradation. It is important to adequately design the structures and to predict the effects of accidents on the involved vessels. In the structural analysis of collision, geometric and material nonlinearities must be considered, as well as the striking ship velocity, the vessels draft difference, among other variables. In this work, the collision of a platform supply vessel with a single-hull Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platform is studied through numerical simulation using the ANSYS LS-DYNA computational system. Damage is locally characterized by the collision force on the FPSO hull and the depth of penetration (displacement). In addition, it is also shown the energy absorption capacity of each type of structural element for the collision scenarios studied and a criterion is proposed to determine which structural element group should receive more attention in the design phase in order to reduce the effects of a collision. Both the longitudinal strengths of the intact FPSO as well as the remainder after collision are evaluated by assessing the bending moment versus curvature curves. It is observed that a single-hull FPSO platform with the thicknesses of the structural elements maintained unchanged in the conversion of the original oil tanker (VLCC) shows a significant ultimate longitudinal strength even after collision of a larger support vessel at higher velocity than recommended by the IACS rule.

Abstract This research was made in Cuenca at 2500 meters above sea level (masl), and it studied the influence of the use of different types of spark plugs in a spark-ignition engine on the mechanical performance of the engine, the pollutant emissions, and fuel consumption. Six types of spark plugs that are available in the national market are made of different materials, have different thermal properties, and have different electrode openings. In addition, the mechanical performance of the engines and their fuel consumption were evaluated through dynamometer testing. Moreover, the polluting emissions were measured under the static test protocol established by the NTE INEN 2203 and with an 11 km route test in urban areas and on highway based on the New European Driving Cycle. The research showed that a specific spark plug increases 16 % of the engine performance due to not only some factors such as less pollution, better cold behavior, lower fuel consumption, but also maintains the torque and power of the vehicle. In addition, this spark plug generates savings on maintenance and annual fuel consumption.

Resumen La presente investigación se realiza en la ciudad de Cuenca a 2500 m.s.n.m. y analiza la influencia del tipo de bujía utilizada en un motor de encendido provocado (MEP) en las prestaciones mecánicas del motor, sus emisiones contaminantes y el consumo específico del combustible. Se utilizan seis tipos de bujías disponibles en el mercado nacional, las mismas que presentan diferentes características de material, grado térmico, apertura y números del electrodo. El comportamiento mecánico del motor y el consumo específico de combustible se evalúan mediante un banco de pruebas en un dinamómetro; las emisiones contaminantes se miden bajo el protocolo de prueba estática establecido por la NTE INEN 2203 y con una prueba de ruta de 11 km en zona urbana y carretera a base del ciclo de conducción NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). En el estudio se obtiene un incremento del 16 % en el rendimiento del motor para un tipo específico de bujía, conjuntamente con la disminución en la emisión de gases contaminantes, menor consumo de combustible y mejor comportamiento del motor en frío, sin sacrificar el torque y la potencia del vehículo de prueba. Además, se aprecia un ahorro en el mantenimiento del motor.

Fundamentos: Embora a quantidade de alergénios major seja um aspeto considerado crítico na imunoterapia com alergénios por via sublingual (ITASL), a comparação entre ITASL de diferentes fabricantes é praticamente impossível. Objetivos: Comparar as concentrações de alergénios major de ácaros em soluções para ITASL. Métodos: Avaliação por ELISA-sandwich das concentrações de Der p1 e de alergénios do grupo 2 (Der p2/Der f2) em 7 soluções para ITASL com ácaros (100% Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) de diferentes fabricantes disponíveis no mercado português, utilizando uma solução para ITASL 100% Phleum pratense como controlo negativo. Resultados: Todas as amostras mostraram conteúdo similar em Der p1, sem quaisquer diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=0,115). Também em relação ao alergénio Der p2 se verificaram conteúdos similares em quase todas as amostras, exceto na solução de ITASL de um fabricante, que apresentou uma concentração significativamente mais baixa. Conclusões: Apesar de pequenas variações, a maior parte das soluções para ITASL com ácaros comercializadas em Portugal tem concentrações semelhantes de Der p1 e Der p2/Der f2, existindo apenas uma que apresentou valores mais baixos destes alergénios. As concentrações alergénicas dos alergénios major do grupo 1 foram sempre maiores do que as do grupo 2. Estes resultados são diferentes dos publicados na literatura onde se identificam maiores diferenças entre soluções para ITASL de diferentes laboratórios, o que vem uma vez mais sublinhar a necessidade de uniformizar os métodos de avaliação e de requerer que os laboratórios produtores indiquem a composição em alergénios major de cada um dos seus produtos para imunoterapia.

Background: Although the amount of major allergens present in sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) extracts is considered a crucial factor, the comparison between SLIT extracts from different manufacturers is practically impossible. Objective: To compare the concentration of mite major allergens in SLIT extracts (100% Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) from different manufacturers. Methods:We measured by ELISA-sandwich the concentrations of Der p1 and group 2 mite allergens (Der p2/Der f2) in seven SLIT mite extracts, available in Portugal. We used a 100% Phleum pretense SLIT extract as a negative control. Results: All samples showed similar concentrations of Der p1, without significant differences (p=0.115). Also for group 2 allergens we observed similar concentration in samples from 6 out of the 7 SLIT extracts. Only one manufacturer had a SLIT extract with a significantly lower concentration of mite group 2 allergens. Conclusions: Despite small variations, most mite SLIT extracts commercialized in Portugal, present similar Der p1 and Der p2/Der f2 concentrations, with just one manufacturer showing lower concentrations in these major allergens. Concentrations of group 1 mite allergens were always higher than those of group 2 allergens. These results are different from the few studies that have been published comparing SLIT mite extracts from different manufacturers, where greater differences between producers have been identified. These differences underline once again the need to harmonize the methods used for allergen quantification and demand that the different SLIT producers reveal unequivocally the composition in major allergens of their SLIT extracts.

The objective of the present study is to compare different methods of calculating body fat percentage (BF%) by anthropometry and bioimpedance (BIA) in an infant-juvenile population, and to analyze the variation of fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and FMI and FFMI index. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 232 schoolchildren aged 12-17 years in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy. Height, weight, bicipital and tricipital skinfolds were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) and BF% by BIA (Maltron BF-900) and anthropometry (Deurenberg and Slaugther equations) were determined. Mean and standard deviations were calculated, and the differences by sex and age were established by analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, among different methods used to estimate BF%. The agreement between methods was analyzed with Bland-Altman. Females presented higher values of BMI, bicipital and tricipital skifolds, and higher percentages of overweight and obesity. The highest BF% was obtained with BIA in girls and with Slaugther in boys. Girls had significantly higher mean values of FMI than boys with all 3 methods. The highest BF% correlation was observed between BIA and Deurenberg, followed by Slaugther and Deurenberg. There was no agreement between the 3 methods. Given the accessibility of the BF% estimation with the Deurenberg equation, the application of this methodology is proposed in epidemiological studies of obesity. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 20(1), 2018. doi:10.17139/raab.2018.0020.01.05

El objetivo del presente artículo es comparar distintos métodos de cálculo del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) por antropometría y bioimpedancia (BIA) en una población infanto-juvenil jujeña y analizar la variación de la masa grasa (MG), masa magra (MM), y de los índices de masa grasa (IMG) y masa magra (IMM). Se realizó un estudio transversal en 232 escolares de 12 a 17 años de la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy. Se relevaron datos de talla, peso y pliegues tricipital y subescapular. Se determinó el Índice de Masa corporal (IMC) y el %GC por BIA (Maltron BF-900) y antropometría (ecuaciones de Deurenberg y Slaugther). Se calculó media y desvío estándar y las diferencias por sexo y edad se establecieron mediante análisis de la varianza. Se realizó una correlación de Pearson entre los distintos métodos utilizados para estimar el %GC y la concordancia se analizó con Bland-Altman. Las mujeres presentaron valores superiores de IMC y pliegues bicipital y tricipital y mayores porcentajes de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los %GC más altos se obtuvieron con BIA en mujeres y con Slaugther en varones. Las mujeres registraron valores promedio significativamente más altos del IMG que los varones con los 3 métodos. La correlación más alta del %GC se observó entre BIA y Deurenberg, seguida por Slaugther y Deurenberg; sin embargo, no se observó concordancia entre los 3 métodos. Dada la accesibilidad de la estimación del %GC con la ecuación de Deurenberg se propone la aplicación de esta metodología en estudios epidemiológicos de obesidad. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 20(1), 2018. doi:10.17139/raab.2018.0020.01.05

Se evalúo la aplicación de sobredosis de vitamina D3 en dos niveles (6x10(6) y 10x10(6) de UI) sobre un grupo de 60 novillos mestizos, Indicus × Continental, de 2 años de edad, distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos compuestos por 20 animales: Testigo (T1), 6x10(6) UI de vitamina D3 (T2) y 10x10(6) UI de vitamina D3 (T3). Se midió la resistencia al corte con Warner-Bratzler (WB) en crudo y cocinado, determinaciones de Ca en plasma y músculo. Para el análisis sensorial se realizaron dos evaluaciones: luz blanca (Apariencia total (AT) y color (CO)); y luz roja: color (CO), olor (OL), sabor (SA), sensación grasa (SG), terneza (TE), jugosidad (JU) y cantidad de tejido conectivo (TC). Los datos fueron evaluados mediante un análisis de varianza utilizando un modelo lineal general. En consumo de vitamina D3 por el animal (ca) no hubo diferencia significativa (P>0,01) entre los tratamientos. Para la concentración de calcio en plasma sanguíneo los grupos suplementados con vitamina D3 presentaron entre un 25 y 40% más de calcio en plasma sanguíneo que el grupo no suplementado. En textura no hubo diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos en crudo y cocido. Para la concentración de calcio en músculo se encontró diferencia, siendo la sobredosis de 10x10(6) UI de vitamina la que aumentó en una mayor proporción aproximadamente un 60% con respecto a la sobredosis de 6x10(6) UI de vitamina y al control. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0,01) para CO, OL, SA, TE y TC. Se concluye que la adición ante-mortem de 6x10(6) UI de vitamina D3 mezclado en la ración diaria de alimento aumenta la concentración de calcio en plasma sanguíneo, disminuye el WB en crudo y cocido y mejora significativamente las características organolépticas del músculo Longissimus lumborum.

Sixty large framed, Indicus × Continental, crossbred beef 2-year steers grazing in a tropical dry forest environment, were used to investigate the effect of supplementing diets with various levels of vitamin D3 (VITD) to provide 0, 6, and 10 million IU/(steer×d) for 8 d before slaughter on plasma (PCa) and Longissimus lumborum muscle Ca2+ (MCa) concentrations, texture analysis (TX), and sensorial analysis of the organoleptic qualities, in which appearance (A), odor (O), flavor (F), juiciness (J), amount of connective tissue (CT), and tenderness (T) were evaluated. Steers were slaughtered using an approved humane technique. A randomly subsample of five steers of the three individual VITD treatments (n = 15) was chosen for meat quality and palatability analyses. Following a 24-h chilling period -4°C, carcasses (a randomly selected subsample n=15) were ribbed, one strip loin of Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle was removed from each carcass. Steaks were vacuum-packed. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design using the General Linear Models procedures. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WB) was measured on strip loin at 7 d postmortem. Steaks for WB and sensory evaluation were thawed to 2°C. Blood plasma Ca2+ and muscle Ca concentration of cattle treated with VITD were higher (P < 0.01) than controls. VITD supplementation did not (P> 0.01) affect TX. Sensory traits of appearance, odor, flavor, juiciness, connective tissue, and tenderness were improved (P< 0.01) by all VITD treatments in LL steaks. Treatment with VITD will effectively improve tenderness in grazing crossbred indicus x Continental cattle in tropical conditions.

A committee of six scientific organizations from Argentina developed guidelines for the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence with the recommended care suggested by the guidelines in patients hospitalized with CAP in Argentina. Using quality indicators the management of 436 patients who were hospitalized in 12 Argentinean institutions was evaluated. The care given among the following areas was reviewed: need for hospitalization, need for oxygen therapy, empiric antibiotic therapy, switch therapy, hospital discharge, and prevention. The level of adherence was classified as optimal (>90%), intermediate (60% to 90%), and low (<60%).The selection of the empiric antibiotic therapy and the administration of antibiotics between the first 8 hours after arrival had an adherence greater to 80%. A low level of adherence was found in the areas of switch therapy (53%), prevention of CAP with pneumococcal vaccine (51%) and smoking cessation offered (29%). Using quality indicators it is possible to identify specific areas of management in patients with CAP to a low level of adherence with national guidelines. In Argentina interventions to improve switch therapy and prevention of CAP should be developed.

Un comité de seis sociedades científicas en Argentina desarrolló guías para la atención de pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento con el cuidado recomendado en las guías nacionales en pacientes hospitalizados con NAC en Argentina. Usando indicadores de calidad, la atención de 436 pacientes hospitalizados en 12 centros de Argentina fue evaluada en las áreas de hospitalización, oxigenoterapia, terapia antibiótica empírica, terapia switch, alta hospitalaria y prevención. El nivel de cumplimiento fue clasificado como óptimo (>90%), intermedio (60% a 90%), y bajo (<60%). La selección de antibióticos empíricos y la administración dentro de las primeras ocho horas de admisión tuvieron una adherencia superior al 80%. Se identificó un nivel de cumplimiento bajo en las áreas del pasaje de antibióticos de la vía endovenosa a la vía oral (53%), la prevención con vacunación antineumocóccica (51%) y el ofrecimiento para dejar de fumar (29%). Usando indicadores de calidad se pueden identificar áreas específicas de atención en pacientes con NAC con un bajo nivel de cumplimiento con las guías nacionales. En Argentina se deben desarrollar inicialmente intervenciones enfocadas a mejorar el manejo del pasaje de antibióticos de la vía endovenosa a la vía oral y prevención de la NAC.

Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com osteocondroma intracraniano originado da foice cerebral. O tumor foi parcialmente ressecado. Discutimos os condromas da foice, em particular quanto a seus aspectos cirúrgicos e etiopatogênicos, comparados com a literatura e ressaltando o valor diagnóstico da tomografia computadorizada e da ressonância magnética.

One case of an intracranial osteochondroma originating from the falx is described. The tumor was partially removed. Surgical aspects and etiopathogenesis of falx chondromas are discussed. The values of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are emphasized.

Os autores apresentam um caso de um cisto sinovial intraneural ocorrendo no nervo fibular comum. O paciente apresentou-se com quadro de dor e dificuldade para a flexão dorsal e eversão do pé sendo submetido a exploração cirúrgica com exérese do cisto. Neste estudo são discutidos a patogênese, manifestações clínicas e tratamento desta rara lesão.

The authors report the case of an intraneural synovial cyst of the peroneal nerve. The initial symptom was pain and weakness of dorsiflexion and eversion of the right foot. The patient was operated on and the cyst was totally resected. The authors discuss the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis as well as the treatment of that uncommon lesion.

As fraturas com afundamento da calota craniana (FAC) são relativamente frequentes e seu tratamento neurocirúrgico está bem estabelecido, porém pouca atenção tem sido dada a esta patologia na faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos de idade. Este estudo baseia-se na análise retrospectiva de 43 pacientes com FAC e idade entre 0 e 2 anos. As principais causas da FAC foram as quedas, seguidas pelos atropelamentos. A maioria dos pacientes foi admitida em estado de alerta. O osso craniano mais frequentemente acometido foi o parietal (55,8%). A maioria apresentava FAC tipo 1, isto é, aquela na qual o osso deprimido permanece conectado à calota craniana. Tratamento cirúrgico foi instituído em 69,8% dos casos. A incidência de lesões encefálicas associadas foi mais baixa do que a relatada na literatura.

Depressed skull fractures (DSF) in infancy and childhood are frequent but only a few articles make an analysis in children with age between 0 and 2 years. This is a retrospective study of 43 patients with DSF and age ranged from 0 to 2 years. Falls and traffic accidents were the most common causes. Most patients were admitted in alert state. 69.8% of the patients were submitted to surgical treatment. The parietal bone was more frequently injured (55.8%). Most of the patients had type 1 DSF (the depressed bone remains connected to the cranial vault). The incidence of associated lesions of nervous system was lower than reported in the literature.